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A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts a source fuel into an electrical current. It generates electricity inside a cell through reactions between a fuel and an oxidant, triggered in the presence of an electrolyte. Fuel cells have been attracting more and more attention in recent decades due to high-energy demands, fossil fuel depletions, and environmental pollution throughout world. In this study, different sized metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles (AuNPs, Fe@AuNPs, Ag@AuNPs) were synthesized on graphene oxide sheets and their electrocatalytic activities for methanol oxidation ...More
Sulfisoxazole (SO) was grafted to glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via the electrochemical oxidation of SO in acetonitrile solution containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammoniumtetra-fluoroborate (TBATFB). The prepared electrode was characterized by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ellipsometric thickness of SO nanofilm at the glassy carbon surface was obtained as 14.48 ± 0.11 nm. The stability of the SO modified GCE was studied. The SO modified GCE was also utiliz ...More
In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the diameters of maximum 25 nm were self-assembled onto the surfaces of p-aminothiophenol functionalized graphene oxide (ATPGO) sheets simply by mixing their aqueous dispersions. The prepared graphene oxide (GO), ATPGO and AuNPs–ATPGO composites were characterized by a transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical determination of quercetin (QR) has been studied using square wave volt ...More
2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) was covalently bonded to glassy carbon substrate by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. 2, 4-diaminophenol film (DAPO) was acquired with electrochemical reduction of 2,4-dinitrophenol film (DNPO). Prepared films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and germanium attenuated total reflection infrared (GATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy. A hemispherical germanium ATR element used with p-polarized light at 65° incidence angle yielded high signal/noise IR spectra for monolayer coverage of molecules on glassy carbon substrate. Layer thickness of films was measure ...More
Graphene oxide (GO) based glassy carbon (GC) electrode has been prepared. Firstly, p-nitrophenyl (NP) modified GC (NP/GC) electrode was prepared via the electrochemical reduction of its tetraflouroborate diazonium salt. After the formation of NP/GC electrode, the negative potential was applied to NP/GC electrode to reduce the nitro groups to amine. p-Aminophenyl (AP) modified GC (AP/GC) electrode was immersed into a graphene oxide solution containing 1-ethyl-3(3-(dimethlyamino)propyl)-carbodiimide. Hence, we constructed GO terminated AP modified GC (GO/AP/GC) electrode. NP/GC, AP/GC and GO/AP/ ...More
A highly sensitive method for detection of DNA hybridization was developed. This method was based on the modification of glassy carbon electrode with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) involving p-aminothiophenol (ATP) functionalized graphene oxide (GO). This GO was used as a platform for impedimetric genosensing using 5′-TA GGG CCA CTT GGA CCT-(CH2)3-SH-3′ single-stranded probe (ss-DNA), 5′-AGG TCC AAG TGG CCC TA-3′ (target DNA), 5′-SH-C6-TAG GGC CA-3′ (non-complementary-1) and 5′-SH-C6-TGC CCG TTA CG 3-′ (non-complementary-2) oligonucleotide sequences. The film exhibited excellent properties for imm ...More
The gradually Cl replacement reactions of spirocyclic mono (1 and 2) and bisferrocenyl cyclotriphosphazenes (3–5) with the potassium salt of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (potassium vanillinate) gave mono (1a–5a), geminal (gem-1b–5b), non-geminal (cis-1b, cis-5b and trans-2b–5b), tri (1c–5c) and tetra-substituted phosphazenes (1d–5d). Some phosphazenes have stereogenic P-center(s). The chirality of 4c was verified using chiral HPLC column. Electrochemical behaviors were influenced only by the number of ferrocene groups, but not the length of the amine chains and the substituent(s). The struc ...More
This study reports the electrochemical modification of glassy carbon (GC) surface with etodolac (ETO), the characterization of this ETO modified glassy carbon (ETO/GC) electrode and its electroanalytical application for the determination of Pb(II) ions. Binding type of the etodolac with the glassy carbon surface was investigated and found that it was through the etheric linkage revealed from the reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). The ETO/GC electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), reflection–adsorption IR spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EI ...More
New sensing platform based on modified glassy carbon (GC) suitable for design of heavy metal-ion sensor is reported in this study. GC-based electrodes were electrochemically modified by poly-5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline (poly-5NP) and poly-5-amino, 6-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline (poly-5A6NP) layers. Grafting of electrochemically formed poly-5NP and poly-5A6NP layers at the GC electrode surface was confirmed by electrochemical reduction of nitro groups into amine groups. Presence of grafted poly-5NP and poly-5A6NP layers and formation of their reduced forms on the GC electrode surface were verified ...More
This paper presents a new azacrown containing vic-dioxime; anti-N-(4-aminophenyl)aza-15-crown-5-glyoxime (LH2), and its mononuclear nickel(II), copper(II), cobalt(II), cadmium(II) and zinc(II) complexes. The azacrown moieties appended at the periphery of the oxime provide solubility for the vic-dioxime ligand and complexes in common organic solvents. The mononuclear M(LH)2 (M = Ni and Cu), M(LH)2(H2O)2 (M = Co) and [M(LH)(H2O)(Cl)] (M = Cd and Zn) complexes have been obtained with the metal:ligand ratios of 1:2 and 1:1. The structure of the ligand is confirmed by elemental analysis, Fourier tr ...More
This study reports the electrochemical modification of glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface with the electro-polymerized form of 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate (PMH), the characterization of this polyphenanthroline modified electrode (PPMH/GC) and the electroanalytical application suitable for the determination of Cd(II) ions. The PPMH/GC electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and atomic force microscopy and formation of polyphenanthroline layer grafted to surface of GC electrode was evidenced. Selectivity of PPMH/GC electrode towards heavy metal ions was investi ...More
This study reports direct electron transfer (DET) from immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) via grafted and electropolymerized 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate (PMH). The layer of poly-1,10-phenanthroline (PPMH) was gained via electrochemical deposition, which was used to create the PPMH-modified GC-electrode (PPMH/GC-electrode). Further, the GOx was immobilized on the PPMH/GC-electrode. The effect of surface-modification by the PPMH on the electron-transfer between enzyme and electrode-surface and some other electrochemical/analytical-parameters of newly designed enzymatic-electrode were evaluate ...More