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Nomadic pastoralism and interaction zones (The case of pre-Soviet Kyrgyz pastoralism)

Baktıbek İSAKOV | Cıldız URMANBETOVA

This paper re-conceptualizes the four-seasonal cycling tradition of pre-Soviet Kyrgyz pastoralism, reconsidering the existing archival and oral materials. It argues that the summer quarters (zhailoo) in nomadic cycling were core contact zones for whole clan-based Kyrgyz community in pre-Soviet time whereas, the other winter, spring and autumn quarters remained in the margins. In addition, since all small and large nomadic groups from different regions were interacting in summer quarter, practicing the common language, ceremonies and traditions, this quarter also was preventing the emergence of ...More

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Soviet Work Life and Labor Relations in Aitmatov's Works = Aytmatov’un Eserlerinde Sovyet Çalışma Hayatı ve Emekçi İlişkileri

Cevat ÖZYURT

The main purpose of this article is to understand the historical breaks and changes in Chingiz Aitmatov's views on Soviet working life and labor relations. His works on working life and labor relations will be analyzed by dividing them into two periods. His first works were written on the assumption that the promises of the Socialist Revolution for a new life were realized. Workers live a happy and prosperous life in harmony with the system and their environment. The problems of exploitation, stratification and social conflict have been resolved and the ontological security of the workers has ...More

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Kırgız Toplumunda Bir Kurum Olarak Aksakallar = Aksakal as an Institution in Kyrgyz Society

Ertan ÖZENSEL

Tarih boyunca Orta Asya Türk toplumlarında, resmi olmayan “aksakal” kurumu sürekli olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. Kırgızistan’da, ortak geçmiş deneyimine sahip, belirli bir yaş sınırında olan bir grup erkek aksakal olur ve söz konusu topluluk aksakal kurumunu temsil ederler. Aksakal olmada sadece yaş belirleyici unsur değildir; hayat tecrübesi esas alınarak, halk tarafından seçimle belirlenir aksakallar. Aksakal, değerler, gelenekler konusunda bilgili, akıllı, ihtiyatlı, tarafsız, adil ve dürüst adamdır. Aksakal, sadece toplumsal sorunları çözmede bir uzlaştırıcı olarak değil, aynı zamanda yön ...More

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How Did the State and Kinship Create Soviet Economy? (Case of Kyrgyzstan) = Devlet ile Akrabalık İlişkiler Ağı Sovyet Ekonomisini Nasıl Kurdu? Kırgızistan Örneği

Baktıbek İSAKOV

The Soviet Union was established in about 1920, but due to large-scale processes such as collectivization, World War II, and their negative consequences, the transitional period that followed the establishment was extended to the late 1950s. Rapid Soviet modernization through the liquidation of local traditions was in many places just a show. This essay focusing on local practices argues that the Soviet economy in rural Kyrgyz Republic was created through the interaction between the state and local kinship relations. Moreover, where the Soviet class system was weak in rural areas in particular ...More

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Migration processes in contemporary Kyrgyzstan = Миграционные процессы в современном Кыргызстане

Kusein İSAEV

Анализируется историческое изменение облика евразийского про странства через призму процессов миграции, с периодизацией их на конкретные этапы, которые явились основным трансформирующим фактором. Рассматривая феномен волнообразной “постсоветской миграции”, автор смещает акцент на но вые интеграционные веяния, актуализирующиеся идеи единого экономического пространства, сотрудничества (ШОС, БРИКС, ТС и др.) в рамках еразийского про странства. - Ключевые слова: Евразия, евразийское пространство, кочевой образ жизни, миграция, постсоветская миграция, глобализация, интеграция, укрепление евразийск ...More

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Specifics of post-soviet Kyrgyzstan inhabitants identity = Особенности идентичности жителей постсоветского Кыргызстана

Kusein İSAEV

Автор на примере Кыргызстана рассматривает процессы идентификации, в том числе гражданской и этнической, усилившиеся в условиях независимости государства, образовавшегося после распада СССР, и глобализации, охватившей в современную эпоху весь мир. Роль идентификации трактуется с позиции концепции "нация-государство", подчеркивается значение гражданской идентичности для сплочения кыргызстанского социума. - Ключевые слова: независимое государство, "нация-государство", национализм, полиэтническое государство, виды идентичности, гражданская идентичность, социальная идентичность, этническая идентич ...More

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The Place and Works of Saul Matveyevich Abramzon in the Research on Turkic Ethnography = Türk Etnografyasının Araştırılmasında Saul Matveyeviç Abramzon’un Yeri ve Eserleri

Ali ÜNAL

Etnografya, bağımsız tarih bilimi olarak XIX. yüzyılın ortasında şekillenir. Tarih bilimi içinde en genç alanlardan biri olan Kırgız etnografyasına ilişkin çalışmalar, XIX. yüzyılın yarısından itibaren Rus seyyahları, coğrafyacıları, misyonerleri tarafından toplanmaya başlanmıştır. XX. yüzyılın ortasından itibaren bağımsız bilim alanına dönüşmüştür. Kırgız etnografyasının gelişmesinde Saul Matveyeviç Abramzon, Klavdiya İvanovna Antipina, T. D. Bayaliyeva, B. Alımbayeva, İmel Bakiyeviç Moldobayev, A. F. Burkovskiy, A. Cumagulov gibi pek çok seçkin bilim insanının katkısı büyüktür. Kırgız etnogr ...More

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The Tradition of Giving 'Kalyn' (Bride Price)' in Kyrgyz Society From Past to Present = Kırgız Toplumunda Geçmişten Günümüze Kalın (Başlık Parası) Geleneği

Ali ÜNAL

The custom of giving the ‘kalyn’ (bride price), existing as one of the forms of cultural traditions and obtaining an important function within starting a new family unit, can be found in almost all communities and ethnic groups in the world. In the institution of the family, which is created to ensure the bloodline, a bride price is one of the symbols of marriage. Bride price aims to acknowledge and protect the economic value of a woman and her human dignity at the time of marriage of two persons of different sexes belonging to two different groups or families. Associated with the dynamics of ...More

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Farewell Gulsary as a Revolutionary Portrait: The Vulnerability of Family and Friendship Relations on Kolkhozes = Bir Devrimci Portresi Olarak Elveda Gülsarı: Kolhozlarda Aile ve Arkadaşlık İlişkilerinin Kırılganlığı

Cevat ÖZYURT

This article systematically and holistically analyzes Chingiz Aitmatov’s criticism of the Soviet system through the primary relations of comrade Tanabay, the main character of Aitmatov’s (1966) novel Farewell, Gulsary using a qualitative research method and a hermeneutic approach. The hermeneutic approach enables one to be able to understand the author’s perception of a person in a socialist system and to interpret the changes in people’s attitudes, behaviors, and thoughts based on economic relations using the symbolic expressions in the text. In the novel, the tragedy of the pacer horse Gulsa ...More

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