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Prospects of continuity and change of China's role in Central Asia: Case studies of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan

Yunus Emre GÜRBÜZ

This study evaluates the prospects for continuity and change of People's Republic of China's role in Central Asia in relation with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). There have been significant global, regional, and national events between 2020 and 2022, which might alter China's position in Central Asia. The possibility of change can be estimated by examining the developments so far. China's position in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are taken here as examples for China's role. The One Belt One Road initiative, renamed in 2016 as the BRI, presents multiple trade routes, some of which pass through ...More

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Comparison of the Machigin and CAL Methods for Extraction of Plant Available P in Soils

Nurzat TOTUBAYEVA

Fertilizer recommendations for phosphorus (P) are generally based on the soil content of plant available P and the amount of P exported by the harvested crop. In countries of the former Soviet Union (SU), a widespread method is the Machigin extraction. The relationships between soil P contents extracted with this and other European methods are not well established. Here, we compare the Machigin soil P extraction method with the Calcium Ammonium Lactate P(CAL) procedure that is commonly used in Central Europe. Both methods were tested with 94 soil samples originating from Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, a ...More

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Cyber crime risk awareness in Kyrgyz Republic

Rita İSMAİLOVA | Gülşat MUHAMETJANOVA

In this paper we present the information security awareness rate of students in Kyrgyz Republic, where there is a rapid pace of formation and development of the information society. The survey was conducted with a sample of 172 students from different departments of the university. Our research study showed that despite the huge number of reports about computer crimes in the web, the knowledge about cybercrime is quite low and students are mostly not aware of many aspects of computer crime. Analysis was done to determine dependence of information security awareness rate on computer literacy ra ...More

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Assessment of Cd-induced genotoxic damage in Urtica pilulifera L. using RAPD-PCR analysis

İlhan DOĞAN

Plants can be used as biological indicators in assessing the damage done by bioaccumulation of heavy metals and their negative impact on the environment. In the present research, Roman nettle (Urtica pilulifera L.) was employed as a bioindicator for cadmium (Cd) pollution. The comparisons between unexposed and exposed plant samples revealed inhibition of the root growth (∼25.96% and ∼45.92% after treatment with 100 and 200 µmol/L Cd concentrations, respectively), reduction in the total soluble protein quantities (∼53.92% and ∼66.29% after treatment with 100 and 200 µmol/L Cd concentrations, re ...More

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Screening of damage induced by lead (Pb) in rye (Secale cereale L.) – a genetic and physiological approach

İlhan DOĞAN

The fields in which lead (Pb) finds application in the modern world have increased dramatically in recent years. As a consequence of this intensive utilization of Pb, its toxicity tends to pose more and more environmental problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of Pb and to characterize some physiological parameters in Secale cereale under Pb stress. Plants were subjected to different exposure levels of Pb (0, 100, 200 and 400 µmol/L) for two weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the effects of Pb exposure on the photosynthetic pigments content (chloroph ...More

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Energy consumption and economic growth: The case of transition economies

Hakan ÇETİNTAŞ

This study investigates the causality relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in 17 transition countries, which are Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Ukraine, and Georgia. Empirical findings indicate that there is unidirectional causality from economic growth to energy consumption in the long run. The results support for conservation hypothesis suggests that energy conservation policies have no effect on economic growth. They can simultaneously a ...More

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The usability of Juniperus virginiana L. as a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution in Bishkek City, Kyrgyzstan

Zeki SEVEROĞLU | İlhan DOĞAN | Gülbübü KURMANBEKOVA

Uncontrolled and unplanned urbanization and industrialization due to increase of population and rapid industrial development have created severe environmental problems in Kyrgyzstan during the last few decades. In this study, Juniperus virginiana, a dioecious species, was employed in order to make assessment of the heavy metal pollution rate in the area and of the heavy metal pollution impact on the mineral nutrient status of the plant. For this study, leaf (washed and unwashed) and bark samples of J. virginiana, and its co-located soil samples were collected from eight different stations, all ...More

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Effects of traditional homemade koumiss on some hematological and biochemical characteristics in sedentary men exposed to exercise

İhsan KISADERE | C. BALABAN | Nariste KADIRALİYEVA

We evaluated the effects of koumiss on some hematological and biochemical characteristics of persons who exercise. Eighteen sedentary males were assigned to three equal groups: koumiss (K), koumiss + exercise (KE) and exercise alone (E). Leukocytes (WBC), differential leucocyte count, erythrocytes (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelet (PLT), glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were assessed In blood samples. By the end of the study, triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol levels ...More

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Cytochemistry of peripheral blood leukocytes in thoroughbred foals

Emrah SUR

We attempted to characterize the cytochemical staining patterns of leukocytes and to determine the percentages of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACPase) positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood of thoroughbred foals at different ages. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular veins of 60 healthy thoroughbred foals, 1 day, 3 days and 1 year old. Each age group included 10 male and 10 female animals. Peroxidase (PO) activity was detected in neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes. Lymphocytes were negative for PO staining. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was o ...More

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2-Benzo[c]cinnoline and 2-Benzo[c]cinnoline 6-oxide modified glassy carbon electrodes: electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen in aqueous media

Ali Osman SOLAK

Benzo[c]cinnoline (BCC) molecules were electrochemically grafted onto a glassy carbon (GC) surface in nonaqueous media, and the modified surface was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) with redox probes. Blockage of the electron transfer on the modified surface was observed using redox probes. Electrocatalytic effect of 2BCC modified GC (2BCC-GC) electrode surface towards to the electrochemical reduction of dioxygen was also investigated. A mechanistic scheme for the electrochemical catalysis was proposed. To clarify the mechanism of the dioxygen reduction, a less basic film of 2-benzo ...More

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Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Characterization of Benzoylglycine-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode: Electrocatalytic Effect Towards Dioxygen Reduction in Aqueous Media

Ali Osman SOLAK

Present work aims to create a benzoylglycine (BG)-modified glassy carbon (GC) substrate exploiting the electroreduction of diazonium salts. Dopamine was used to confirm the attachment of benzoylglycine molecules onto the glassy carbon surface by observing the blockage of the electron transfer using cyclic voltammetry (CV). BG-modified GC surface (BG-GC) was also characterized by Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The ellipsometric thickness of the BG film was measured as approximately 14 nm for seven CV cycles. The electrocatalytic effect of BG-GC e ...More

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Determination of Wind Energy Potential and Wind Speed Data in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

Meerim İmaş Kızı

Wind speed is the most important parameter in the design and study of wind energy conversion systems. Probability density functions, such as the Weibull and Rayleigh, are often used in wind speed and wind energy analyses. In this study, statistical methods were used to analyze the wind speed data of Bishkek in the northern region of Kyrgyzstan. Measured daily time series of wind speed data were obtained from the State Meteorological Station in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, over a three-year period from 2003 to 2005. The probability density distributions are derived from the time series data and the dis ...More

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