A simplified description of the most commonly-played traditional equestrian sports in the world

Mehmet TÜRKMEN

The following sports have been played in World Nomad Games which take place every two years in the last two decades. These competitions commonly take place throughout central and southwestern Asia.

Equestrian tura: A forgotten traditional game in Anatolia

Mehmet TÜRKMEN

The horse, as in the formation of the Turkish steppe nomadic culture, was the main action in the determination, development, and transfer of sports tradition to other cultures. There have been those that are still being done, those on the verge of being forgotten, and those that are forgotten. In this study, the “horse riding tour” in the third class will be examined. The purpose of this study is to record and present it as a written document to at least future generations. Horse tura was played at the village weddings played Afşin, Elbistan, and Göksun of Kahramanmaraş, Sarız of Kayseri, Akça ...Дагы

Horse breeding, wrestling and racing: From central Asia to Anatolia

Mehmet TÜRKMEN

In this study, “Stallion wrestling,” which was made in the nature of horseherds (yilki) and a designated area for horse breeding in ancient Turks, is presented with some arguments. Explaining briefly the importance given to horses and horse breeders in ancient Turks and today’s Central Asian culture, how stallion wrestling was formed and transformed; it was aimed to seek answers to the questions of why horse breeding was not done with this wrestling method in the Ottoman Empire, but it was done with a canter running system and to recognize and introduce this ancient traditional struggle. In th ...Дагы

The horse races and their categories in World Nomad Games

Sıymık ARSTANBEKOV

The history of nomadic civilization is an epoch almost three millennia long. Spirituality and morality become important in the life of a young person. The World Nomad Games (WNG) united more than 86 countries around the world with horse riding and horseracing, a popular equestrian game in Kyrgyzstan and other Asian countries. Therefore, the motto of the World Nomad Games (WNG) is “United in spirit, united in strength.” Keywords: nomad games; horseracing; categories

Preface

Mehmet TÜRKMEN

Pedagogy of traditional wrestling in turks

Mehmet TÜRKMEN

A new binary genetic programming approach to designing public transportation systems according to transit-oriented development criteria

Hasan YILMAZ

This study introduces a new evolutionary approach called Binary Genetic Programming (BGP) to design and assess public transportation systems from a sustainable development perspective. The BGP combines evolutionary system identi cation techniques with k-fold cross-validation to obtain an accurate model between the land use and transportation parameters from a sustainable urban development point of view. To assess the new model, two public transportation systems including the new tram line of Antalya (Turkey) and the bus rapid transit line of Bhopal (India) were considered. The model was employ ...Дагы

Chyngyz Aitmatov as an Actor in Cultural Diplomacy of the Turkic World

Uğur ÜNAL | Tolkun Bekturgan Kızı

Chyngyz Aitmatov is a world-renowned Kyrgyz writer whose literary works have been translated into 186 languages, as well as a politician and diplomat. Chyngyz Aitmatov not only gained worldwide recognition for his literary works, but also carried out a diplomatic mission. He started his cultural diplomatic career as soon as he wrote his first literary work and spread it to the public. He emphasized the prominent themes of his works and promoted the ideology of peace, harmony, and unity. Each of his translations, the awards he received in other countries, the honors attributed to him were impor ...Дагы

The Poetic Cosmology of C. Aitmatov and the Ontological Fourfold (Das Gewiert) of Heidegger

Camgırbek BÖKÖŞOV | Abdiraşit BABATAYEV

Trying to make a comparison between C. Aitmatov and M. Heidegger at first look could be seem strange. But such a comparison is actually important in one hand not only for understanding the philosophical foundations of artistic outlook of Aitmatov and in another hand to demonstrate the existential -phenomenological rootedness of ontological ideas of Heidegger. For although there isn't any knowledge if they were ever meet in real life, yet it is obvious that they were close friends in the dimension of thinking, understanding of Genesis, they search and experience the spiritual dimension of that ...Дагы

Antecedents of cave visitors' revisit intentions in the context of self-determination theory: a case study on Dupnisa Cave visitors in Turkey

Mustafa Murat KIZANLIKLI

Based on self-determination theory as a conceptual framework, the aim of this study is to reveal the relationships amongst cave visitors' experiences, motivation, satisfaction and revisit intention. In order to test the conceptual model designed in line with the objectives of the study, a survey was conducted amongst a sample of 312 visitors to Dupnisa Cave in Turkey. The analysis showed that visitors' motivation and cave experience positively influenced their satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction has an effect on visitors' revisit intention. This study is one of the first to attempt to reveal ...Дагы

Potential biodegradable bacteria and their identification

Saykal BOBUŞOVA

The article describes soil bacterial isolates isolated from technogenic zones of Kyrgyzstan, possessing high oil-oxidizing and bioemulsifying activity, capable of decomposing petroleum hydrocarbons in the temperature range of 4 - 39°C at pH 4 - 9 in the presence of 18 salt. Our research has confirmed the possibility of bioremediation of the damage caused to soils as a result of chemical pollution of soils (lands) due to spillage of oil products on the territory of the oil depot in Balykchy city of Kyrgyzstan. The used bacterial consortium consisting of spore-forming bacteria of Bacillus genus: ...Дагы

Social and political relations between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks at XVIII. century = XVIII. yüzyılda Kırgızlar ile Özbeklerin sosyal ve siyasi ilişkileri

Döölötbek SAPARALİEV

18. yy’dan başlayarak Kırgızların Özbek ve Fergana Vadisinde yaşayan diğer halklarla bağlantıları tarihî belgelerde açık bir şekilde görülmektedir. Belgeler, bu halkların ortak din, dil ve gelenek temelinde tarihî kaderlerinin birliğinin delilidir. Akrabalık ve kardeşlik bağları ile birbirine bağlı olan bölge halkı yabancıların işgaline karşı topraklarını birlikte savunmuşlardır. Bu süreçte onların yaşadıkları bölgeleri, birbirleri ile olan kardeşlik ilişkilerini ve düşmanları ile mücadelelerini belgeler ışığında doğru bir şekilde ortaya koymak gerekmektedir. Makale bu ilişkileri ve işgalciler ...Дагы