H-infinity-NORM EVALUATION FOR A TRANSFER MATRIX VIA BISECTION ALGORITHM

Ercan ÇELİK

In this paper, we compute H.-norm of a transfer matrix, via bisection algorithm. The algorithm is given and applied some problems. The problems are choosen from various areas of control theory such as aircraft models and decentralized interconnected systems.

Effects of botanical gardens on student environmental perception

Hasan YILMAZ

This paper examines the role of the classroom environment in promoting student well-being and, more specif-ically, a sense of responsibility towards nature in the city. The study analyzed how indoor vs outdoor educational environments affect students' perception of events and phenomena focusing on emotional, behavioral and cognitive processes. It was conducted in the Kayakyolu Secondary School, Erzurum, Turkey with 282 students ranging in age from 11 to 14 in grades 5-8. They participated in reading a story in two distinct environments: an enclosed indoor classroom and an outdoor botanical gar ...Более

A new binary genetic programming approach to designing public transportation systems according to transit-oriented development criteria

Hasan YILMAZ

This study introduces a new evolutionary approach called Binary Genetic Programming (BGP) to design and assess public transportation systems from a sustainable development perspective. The BGP combines evolutionary system identi cation techniques with k-fold cross-validation to obtain an accurate model between the land use and transportation parameters from a sustainable urban development point of view. To assess the new model, two public transportation systems including the new tram line of Antalya (Turkey) and the bus rapid transit line of Bhopal (India) were considered. The model was employ ...Более

The inequalities on dual numbers and their topological structures

Olgun DURMAZ

Inequalities are frequently used in various fields of mathematics to prove theorems. The existence of inequalities contributes significantly to the foundations of such branches. In this paper, we study the properties of order relations in the system of dual numbers, which is inspired by order relations defined on real numbers. Besides, some special inequalities that are used in various fields of mathematics, such as Cauchy-Schwarz, Minkowski, and Chebyshev are studied in this framework. An example is also provided to validate our research findings. Keywords: dual numbers; dual absolute value; ...Более

A Multi-Objective Mathematical Programming Model for Transit Network Design and Frequency Setting Problem

İbrahim AKGÜN

In this study, we propose a novel multi-objective nonlinear mixed-integer mathematical programming model for the transit network design and frequency setting problem that aims at designing the routes and determining the frequencies of the routes to satisfy passenger demand in a transit network. The proposed model incorporates the features of real-life transit network systems and reflects the views of both passengers and the transit agency by considering the in-vehicle travel time, transfers, waiting times at the boarding and transfer stops, overcrowding and under-utilization of vehicles, and v ...Более

Ecological aspects in the use of soil enzymes as indicators of anthropogenic soil pollution

Nurzat TOTUBAYEVA

In the contemporary era, with rapid industrial growth and urbanisation, analysing the impact of human activities on soil enzyme activity becomes crucial. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of anthropogenic pollution on enzyme activity in soil. Research on enzyme activity levels in the soil in the city of Kara-Balta, Chuy Region, Kyrgyz Republic, was conducted using biochemical analyses and specific enzymatic tests. The results revealed significant diversity in catalase activity in different soil samples. Some samples exhibited high activity, while others showed low activity. ...Более

Cadmium-induced physiological and genotoxic alterations in Bryophyllum daigremontianum

Zeki SEVEROĞLU

When evaluating the negative impacts of heavy metals in the environment, plants can be used as biological indicators in assessing damage done by bio-accumulation of heavy metals. For detecting the genotoxic effects of heavy metals, the RAPD-PCR technique is applied in plants. In this study, Blyophyllum daigremontianum was used as a bio-indicator for Cadmium (Cd) pollution. B. daigremontianum plantlets were obtained from bulbiliferous spurs. They were grown singly in standard pots and each of the experimental groups of 5 replicates were watered daily with Hoagland solution (20 ml) containing 0, ...Более

The demand determinants for urban public transport services: A review of the literature

Cihat POLAT

The future always includes some degree of uncertainty and reducing it is of special importance for decision makers. This is also valid for the decision makers in the public transport area. The uncertainty in the future demand and the need to know the factors that influence the demand make the area much interested in by the decision makers for the sake of planning and making right decisions. In this sense, knowing about the demand driving factors and determining future demand for public transport services are very basic managerial instincts for those who perform in the area. However, the subjec ...Более

A macroseismic study of the Taldy-Sai caravanserai in the Kara-Bura River valley (Talas basin, Kyrgyzstan)

Kubatbek TABALDİYEV

We report a macroseismic study of a ruined medieval building, a small caravanserai located along the caravan way from the Talas valley to the Chatkal and Fergana valleys in Kyrgyzstan. The ruins document several events in which the caravanserai was destroyed, apparently during earthquakes, and was rebuilt or repaired. The earliest earthquake occurred soon after the building was put up, about 400 years ago, according to radiocarbon dating of charcoal, and another event shook the area between 400 and 50 years BP. After being damaged in the ultimate earthquake, in the middle of the 20th century, ...Более

Contribution of Organization of Turkic States Members to World Heritage at a Time of Cultural Convergence from the Past to the Future = Geçmişten Geleceğe Kültürlerin Yakınlaşma Rotasında Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı Ülkelerinin Dünya Mirasına Katkıları

Cengiz BUYAR | Uğur ÜNAL

In its journey from ancient history, human society has brought along many cultural and architectural values or properties. Some of which have reached our days and some of which have not for various reasons. Cultural values that are part of the common history of mankind are called world heritage. Since 1972, UNESCO has included cultural and natural heritage sites that can be considered as common assets of all mankind in the World Heritage List and work to protect them. UNESCO's work on the World Heritage List fulfils the important task of making the values that humanity is about to lose visible ...Более

An investigation on environmental pollution due to essential heavy metals: a prediction model through multilayer perceptrons

İbrahim İlker ÖZYİĞİT

This research is to predict heavy metal levels in plants, particularly in Robinia pseudoacacia L., and soils using an effective artificial intelligence approach with some ecological parameters, thereby significantly eliminating common defects such as high cost and seriously tedious and time-consuming laboratory procedures. In this respect, the artificial neural network (ANN) is employed to estimate the concentrations of essential heavy metals such as Fe, Mn and Ni, depending on the Cu and Zn concentrations of plant and soil samples collected from five different locations. The derived relative ...Более

Internet of Things Application of Intelligent and Innovative Learning Strategies in the Higher English Education System

In order to improve the effect of higher English teaching, this paper builds a higher English education system based on Internet of Things technology. The optimization aim of this study is to provide an online DRX parameter optimization technique that is compatible with the RRC protocol architecture. This work employs algorithms based on reinforcement learning to accomplish parameter optimization and dynamic control by selecting optimal DRX parameters and dynamically configuring them via decision-making processes. Furthermore, this article enhances the Internet of Things algorithm and applies ...Более