H-infinity-NORM EVALUATION FOR A TRANSFER MATRIX VIA BISECTION ALGORITHM

Ercan ÇELİK

In this paper, we compute H.-norm of a transfer matrix, via bisection algorithm. The algorithm is given and applied some problems. The problems are choosen from various areas of control theory such as aircraft models and decentralized interconnected systems.

Effects of botanical gardens on student environmental perception

Hasan YILMAZ

This paper examines the role of the classroom environment in promoting student well-being and, more specif-ically, a sense of responsibility towards nature in the city. The study analyzed how indoor vs outdoor educational environments affect students' perception of events and phenomena focusing on emotional, behavioral and cognitive processes. It was conducted in the Kayakyolu Secondary School, Erzurum, Turkey with 282 students ranging in age from 11 to 14 in grades 5-8. They participated in reading a story in two distinct environments: an enclosed indoor classroom and an outdoor botanical gar ...More

A new binary genetic programming approach to designing public transportation systems according to transit-oriented development criteria

Hasan YILMAZ

This study introduces a new evolutionary approach called Binary Genetic Programming (BGP) to design and assess public transportation systems from a sustainable development perspective. The BGP combines evolutionary system identi cation techniques with k-fold cross-validation to obtain an accurate model between the land use and transportation parameters from a sustainable urban development point of view. To assess the new model, two public transportation systems including the new tram line of Antalya (Turkey) and the bus rapid transit line of Bhopal (India) were considered. The model was employ ...More

The inequalities on dual numbers and their topological structures

Olgun DURMAZ

Inequalities are frequently used in various fields of mathematics to prove theorems. The existence of inequalities contributes significantly to the foundations of such branches. In this paper, we study the properties of order relations in the system of dual numbers, which is inspired by order relations defined on real numbers. Besides, some special inequalities that are used in various fields of mathematics, such as Cauchy-Schwarz, Minkowski, and Chebyshev are studied in this framework. An example is also provided to validate our research findings. Keywords: dual numbers; dual absolute value; ...More

A Multi-Objective Mathematical Programming Model for Transit Network Design and Frequency Setting Problem

İbrahim AKGÜN

In this study, we propose a novel multi-objective nonlinear mixed-integer mathematical programming model for the transit network design and frequency setting problem that aims at designing the routes and determining the frequencies of the routes to satisfy passenger demand in a transit network. The proposed model incorporates the features of real-life transit network systems and reflects the views of both passengers and the transit agency by considering the in-vehicle travel time, transfers, waiting times at the boarding and transfer stops, overcrowding and under-utilization of vehicles, and v ...More

Determination and comparison of morpho-physiological characteristics of Turkish sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) grown in Afyonkarahisar: local cultivars and genotypes

Ahmet AYGÜN

The research focused on analyzing qualitative and quantitative morpho-physiological characteristics of local sweet cherry cultivars and genotypes. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics (fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit shape, fruit pistil end, fruit suture, fruit skin colour, fruit flesh colour, length of fruit stalk, thickness of fruit stalk, weight of fruit stalk, colour of fruit juice, fruit juiciness, eating quality, fruit sweetness, stone weight, stone shape, TA, pH, L, a, b, H, croma, cracking index, sensitivity class) with UPOV descriptors were used in the evaluatio ...More

Assessment of Cd-induced genotoxic damage in Urtica pilulifera L. using RAPD-PCR analysis

İlhan DOĞAN

Plants can be used as biological indicators in assessing the damage done by bioaccumulation of heavy metals and their negative impact on the environment. In the present research, Roman nettle (Urtica pilulifera L.) was employed as a bioindicator for cadmium (Cd) pollution. The comparisons between unexposed and exposed plant samples revealed inhibition of the root growth (∼25.96% and ∼45.92% after treatment with 100 and 200 µmol/L Cd concentrations, respectively), reduction in the total soluble protein quantities (∼53.92% and ∼66.29% after treatment with 100 and 200 µmol/L Cd concentrations, re ...More

Detection of physiological and genotoxic damages reflecting toxicity in Kalanchoe clones

İlhan DOĞAN

In order to make assessments in understanding of physiological and genotoxic effects of imposing cadmium (Cd) on photosynthetic pigment contents along with the changes occurring in genetic material of Kalanchoe plants were used in relation to various Cd-treatments. Young plantlets were originated from a single host plant as clones, and developed in vitro. Developed clones were grown in standard pots with daily watering of Hoagland solution (20 ml) containing different concentrations of cadmium chloride for two months. Cd concentrations of the collected samples were measured by employing ICP-OE ...More

The usability of Juniperus virginiana L. as a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution in Bishkek City, Kyrgyzstan

Zeki SEVEROĞLU | İlhan DOĞAN | Gülbübü KURMANBEKOVA

Uncontrolled and unplanned urbanization and industrialization due to increase of population and rapid industrial development have created severe environmental problems in Kyrgyzstan during the last few decades. In this study, Juniperus virginiana, a dioecious species, was employed in order to make assessment of the heavy metal pollution rate in the area and of the heavy metal pollution impact on the mineral nutrient status of the plant. For this study, leaf (washed and unwashed) and bark samples of J. virginiana, and its co-located soil samples were collected from eight different stations, all ...More

A macroseismic study of the Taldy-Sai caravanserai in the Kara-Bura River valley (Talas basin, Kyrgyzstan)

Kubatbek TABALDİYEV

We report a macroseismic study of a ruined medieval building, a small caravanserai located along the caravan way from the Talas valley to the Chatkal and Fergana valleys in Kyrgyzstan. The ruins document several events in which the caravanserai was destroyed, apparently during earthquakes, and was rebuilt or repaired. The earliest earthquake occurred soon after the building was put up, about 400 years ago, according to radiocarbon dating of charcoal, and another event shook the area between 400 and 50 years BP. After being damaged in the ultimate earthquake, in the middle of the 20th century, ...More

An investigation on environmental pollution due to essential heavy metals: a prediction model through multilayer perceptrons

İbrahim İlker ÖZYİĞİT

This research is to predict heavy metal levels in plants, particularly in Robinia pseudoacacia L., and soils using an effective artificial intelligence approach with some ecological parameters, thereby significantly eliminating common defects such as high cost and seriously tedious and time-consuming laboratory procedures. In this respect, the artificial neural network (ANN) is employed to estimate the concentrations of essential heavy metals such as Fe, Mn and Ni, depending on the Cu and Zn concentrations of plant and soil samples collected from five different locations. The derived relative ...More

Internet of Things Application of Intelligent and Innovative Learning Strategies in the Higher English Education System

In order to improve the effect of higher English teaching, this paper builds a higher English education system based on Internet of Things technology. The optimization aim of this study is to provide an online DRX parameter optimization technique that is compatible with the RRC protocol architecture. This work employs algorithms based on reinforcement learning to accomplish parameter optimization and dynamic control by selecting optimal DRX parameters and dynamically configuring them via decision-making processes. Furthermore, this article enhances the Internet of Things algorithm and applies ...More