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We investigated changes in nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activity, antioxidant responses and histopathological effects in the liver, gill and kidney tissues of rainbow trout exposed to nickel chloride (Ni). Two different concentrations (1 mg/L and 2 mg/L) were administrated to fish for 21 days. Tissues were taken from all fish for NFkB activity, histopathological examination and determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activity and of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and glutathione (GSH) levels. The findings of this study indicated that Ni exposure led to a significant incr ...Более
Staphylococcusaureus is a pathogenic microorganism causing food intoxications and producing many heat-stable toxins. In this study S. aureus prevalence, the presence of enterotoxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sej, sei) together with the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene (tsst) were investigated by mPCR. A total of 500 samples were obtained from different animal's meat (sheep, goat, cattle and chicken), hands of staff and surfaces in contact with food. Of 500 samples, 126 (25.2%) were contaminated with S. aureus. One or more staphylococcal enterotoxin (se) gene was determined in 87 ...Более