The use of molecular markers has become an essential part of molecular genetics through their application in numerous fields, which includes identification of genes associated with targeted traits, operation of backcrossing programs, modern plant breeding, genetic characterization, and marker-assisted selection. Transposable elements are a core component of all eukaryotic genomes, making them suitable as molecular markers. Most of the large plant genomes consist primarily of transposable elements; variations in their abundance contribute to most of the variation in genome size. Retrotransposon ...Daha fazlası
Plants are the sources of many bioactive secondary metabolites which are present in plant organs including leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Although they provide advantages to the plants in many cases, they are not necessary for metabolisms related to growth, development, and reproduction. They are specific to plant species and are precursor substances, which can be modified for generations of various compounds in different plant species. Secondary metabolites are used in many industries, including dye, food processing and cosmetic industries, and in agricultural control as well as being use ...Daha fazlası
In the recent two decades, tremendous devices and materials such as stents, biomimetic organs, scaffolds, and vessels have been developed for medical purposes. When such devices are utilized in the body, the side effects or biocompatibility of the materials have to be studied extensively. Interdisciplinary studies have reviled numerous strategies to overcome adverse body reactions against implanted devices. Besides naturally occurring materials such as collagen, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and dextran, various synthetic and modified materials such as poly(lactic acid), poly(ethylene glycol), po ...Daha fazlası
Optimal fluid therapy protocols in neonatal calves and adult cattle are based on consideration of signalment, history, and physical examination findings, and individually tailored whenever laboratory analysis is available. Measurement of the magnitude of eye recession, duration of skin tenting in the lateral neck region, and urine specific gravity by refractometry provide the best estimates of hydration status in calves and cattle. Intravenous and oral electrolyte solutions (OES) are frequently administered to critically ill calves and adult cattle. Application of physicochemical principles in ...Daha fazlası